In both directions, which is what makes the topic confusing. Fat tissue is hormonally active: it converts testosterone into estrogen, so the more excess fat a man carries, the more downward pressure on his testosterone.
And the loop closes from the other side - lower testosterone shifts body composition toward fat and away from muscle, makes training feel harder, and drags energy down, all of which make weight easier to gain. Neither side of the loop is destiny; the practical point is that the two problems are rarely separate, and improving either one tends to help the other.





















